Suggested Citation: "5 In Vitro Alternatives to Animal Models." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Advancing Disease Modeling in Animal-Based Research in Support of ...

Animal cell and molecular biology examines how cells are built, how they process information and energy, and how they respond to their physical and chemical environments. At its heart is the cell ...

For decades, human cancer cell lines have been indispensable models for cancer research, already replacing a significant amount of animal experiments. However, the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in ...